Welcome to the Journal of Health and Education (JOHE), a premier multidisciplinary platform bridging medical sciences, allied health sciences, rehabilitation sciences, and related education and clinical applications. Our journal explores cutting-edge research and innovations in medicine, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, mental health, psychology, and other allied health disciplines. JOHE focuses on integrating evidence-based practices in clinical education, fostering interprofessional collaboration in healthcare settings, and advancing educational strategies for healthcare providers. We are shaping the future of healthcare education and practice through insightful research and transformative ideas that enhance patient outcomes and elevate professional standards. Mission Our mission is to advance the integration of health and education through the dissemination of high-quality, evidence-based research. We aim to foster interprofessional collaboration, support the continuous professional development of healthcare providers, and ultimately improve patient outcomes and public health. Vision Our vision is to be a leading global platform for innovative research in health and education, recognized for our commitment to excellence, diversity, and impact. We strive to bridge the gap between research and practice, contributing to the development of a more effective, equitable, and compassionate healthcare system. Values Excellence: We are committed to the highest standards of research and publication, ensuring the integrity and quality of our journal. Innovation: We encourage innovative approaches and novel ideas that advance the fields of health and education. Collaboration: We promote interprofessional and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance learning and improve healthcare outcomes. Equity: We strive to address disparities in health and education, supporting research that contributes to social justice and accessibility. Integrity: We uphold the principles of honesty, transparency, and ethical conduct in all our activities.
Impact of Aesthetic Treatments on Self-Esteem in Females with Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Background: The cosmetic application of glutathione (GSH) for skin tone lightening has expanded substantially across aesthetic and dermatological practices in recent years. Although glutathione is a well-characterised endogenous antioxidant with established therapeutic roles in oxidative stress management, hepatoprotection, and chemotherapy-induced toxicity, its off-label use for cosmetic depigmentation remains controversial, unsupported by robust clinical evidence, and largely unregulated in many jurisdictions. Objective: This study critically examined the patterns of glutathione use for skin tone lightening among a sample of Pakistani users, evaluating perceived effectiveness, frequency and nature of adverse effects, and user awareness of associated safety and regulatory concerns across oral, topical, and intravenous routes of administration. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted over four months at selected aesthetic clinics and dermatology practices in Lahore, Pakistan. A structured, pre-validated questionnaire was administered to 200 confirmed glutathione users. Data were analysed using SPSS v27, employing descriptive statistics, independent Chi-square tests, and Spearman correlation analyses. Results: Females constituted 60.5% of users. The intravenous route was most frequently used (38.0%), followed by oral (26.0%) and topical (17.5%) administration. Most participants reported mild to moderate skin tone improvement (65%); however, 21.0% reported no appreciable benefit. Adverse effects were reported by 68.5% of respondents, with injection-site reactions (31.0%), nausea (21.0%), and liver-related complaints (12.5%) being most prevalent. Statistically significant associations were identified between gender and motivation for use (χ² = 29.34, p = 0.0004) and education level and perceived improvement (χ² = 57.82, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: Although glutathione may confer modest, transient cosmetic benefits in some users, its effectiveness is inconsistent and its safety profile, particularly with intravenous administration, raises serious clinical and public health concerns. The findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened regulatory frameworks, evidence-based clinical guidelines, and enhanced consumer education surrounding the cosmetic use of glutathione
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Health and Education
Background: Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a health issue where people, especially women worry a lot about how they look. They think they have flaws that're not really there. Many women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder try to fix these problems with procedures.. We do not know if these procedures really help them feel better about themselves. Objective: This study wants to find out how cosmetic treatments affect how women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder feel about themselves. Methods: We did a study with two groups of women.Ninety-nine women were selected from dermatology and cosmetic surgery practices. Forty-nine of them did not have any procedures.49 of them did not have any procedures. We used tests to observe their feelings towards themselves. We used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to measure self-esteem the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire to see if they had body image problems and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire to diagnose Body Disorder.We followed the DSM-5 guidelines. We used a computer program to analyze the data. Results: Women who had procedures said they felt a little better about themselves than women who did not have these procedures.. Both groups still had a lot of problems with how they saw their bodies. We found out that when women do not like their bodies it affects how they feel about themselves. Cosmetic procedures can help a little, but not a lot. Women who had procedures actually felt worse about themselves than women who had just one procedure. Cosmetic procedures can make women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder feel a little better about themselves. It does not last long. It does not fix the problems that cause Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Women, with Body Dysmorphic Disorder should get help from a therapist cognitive-behavioral therapy before or after they have cosmetic procedures. Body Dysmorphic Disorder is an issue and we need to focus on the real problems, not just how women look.
A Comparative Analysis of Topical and Intravenous Glutathione for Skin Brightening: Efficacy, Clinical Outcomes, and Patient Satisfaction
Background: Glutathione (GSH) is the body’s most abundant endogenous antioxidant tripeptide, attracting growing attention in cosmetic dermatology for its ability to reduce melanin production and brighten skin tone. It is widely administered through topical and intravenous (IV) routes for conditions such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and general uneven pigmentation, especially in individuals with darker Fitzpatrick skin types. Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy, treatment patterns, safety outcomes, and overall patient satisfaction associated with topical versus intravenous glutathione therapy among individuals presenting with pigmentary skin concerns. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out across four certified aesthetic clinics in Lahore, Pakistan, over four months. Sixty participants aged 20–50 years, diagnosed with melasma, PIH, or related pigmentary disorders, were enrolled through consecutive non-probability sampling. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and clinician assessments. Pearson’s chi-square tests evaluated associations between treatment type and outcome variables. Results: The cohort was predominantly young adult females (75.0%) with Fitzpatrick Type IV skin (53.3%). Cream formulations at 2–5% concentration were the most common topical choice (53.3%), while 600 mg weekly IV infusion was the dominant intravenous regimen (70.0%). Mild skin lightening was the most frequently documented clinician outcome (66.7%), with 86.7% of participants expressing satisfaction. Adverse effects were mild in nearly all cases (98.3%). A statistically significant link between treatment modality and clinician-assessed outcome was found (χ² = 11.365; p = 0.050). Conclusion: Both topical and intravenous glutathione produced meaningful depigmenting results with a good short-term safety record. However, standardized dosing protocols and long-term safety evidence remain lacking, particularly for IV use. Rigorous controlled trials with objective outcome measures are needed.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy Using Pico Laser, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), and Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in The Management of Resistant Melasma
Background: Melasma is a chronic, acquired hyper melanosis predominantly affecting individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV. Its complex, multifactorial pathogenesis and high relapse rate following conventional therapies necessitate development of more effective and safer treatment strategies. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Pico laser combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Tranexamic Acid (TXA), with or without co-administration, in patients with refractory melasma. Methods: A prospective clinical study enrolled 40 patients, of whom 35 constituted the primary analysis cohort and 33 completed the full six-session protocol. Treatment groups received either PRP plus TXA or Pico laser therapy. Outcomes were assessed using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and modified MASI (mMASI) at baseline, after three sessions, after six sessions, and at final follow-up. Adverse events were systematically recorded. Results: The majority of participants were female (71.4%) in the 34–40 years age group (40.0%), with Fitzpatrick Skin Types III (45.7%) and IV (54.3%) predominating. Monotherapy yielded 20–48% improvement; combination therapy achieved 54–73% overall improvement. Both MASI and mMASI scores decreased significantly over 20 weeks (p < 0.01), with no significant difference between TXA and PRP modalities (p > 0.05). Final percentage improvement ranged from 57% to 65%. All adverse effects were mild and transient, with no serious events. Conclusion: The combination of Pico laser, PRP, and TXA is a safe and clinically effective strategy for resistant melasma. Both TXA and PRP demonstrated comparable therapeutic benefits. Larger prospective trials with extended follow-up are warranted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Health and Education
Psychological Predictors of Weight Loss Failure in Individuals Enrolled in Structured Obesity Management Programs: A Systematic Review
Background: Obesity remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, with structured obesity management programs representing a cornerstone strategy for weight reduction and long-term metabolic improvement. Despite the implementation of multidisciplinary interventions involving dietary modification, physical activity, behavioral counseling, and pharmacotherapy, a substantial proportion of individuals fail to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss or experience early relapse. Emerging evidence suggests that psychological determinants may significantly influence adherence, behavioral persistence, and treatment outcomes in obesity management programs. Objective: This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the psychological predictors associated with weight loss failure among individuals enrolled in structured obesity management programs. Methods: A systematic review methodology was designed in accordance with PRISMA principles. Relevant literature examining psychological determinants of unsuccessful weight loss outcomes in structured obesity interventions was identified through electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Key psychological variables explored included depression, anxiety, stress, emotional eating, binge eating behaviors, self-efficacy, motivation, body image dissatisfaction, and personality-related traits. Results: The reviewed evidence consistently demonstrated that psychological variables significantly influence weight loss outcomes. Depression, emotional eating, binge eating disorder, low self-efficacy, and elevated stress levels were among the most frequently reported predictors of poor adherence and unsuccessful weight reduction. Several studies also identified diminished intrinsic motivation and maladaptive coping mechanisms as substantial barriers to sustained behavioral change. Furthermore, individuals with higher psychological distress were more likely to discontinue treatment programs prematurely or regain lost weight during follow-up periods. Conclusion: Psychological determinants play a central role in weight loss failure within structured obesity management programs. Integrating psychological screening, behavioral assessment, and individualized mental health interventions into obesity treatment frameworks may improve adherence and long-term weight management outcomes. Future longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and develop predictive psychological models for personalized obesity care.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Health and Education
Impact of Sarcopenia on Chemotherapy Toxicity in Elderly Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of outcomes in cancer patients. Elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are particularly vulnerable to chemotherapy-related toxicity, yet traditional assessment tools inadequately capture frailty. Emerging evidence suggests that sarcopenia may serve as a robust predictor of treatment-related adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the impact of sarcopenia on chemotherapy toxicity in elderly patients with NSCLC and explore its role as a predictive biomarker for treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of published literature was conducted focusing on studies assessing sarcopenia and chemotherapy toxicity in elderly NSCLC populations. Databases were searched for relevant observational and clinical studies. Outcomes included incidence of grade ≥3 toxicity, dose reductions, treatment discontinuation, and hospitalization rates. Results: Sarcopenia was consistently associated with increased chemotherapy toxicity, including higher rates of grade 3–5 adverse events, treatment modifications, and hospitalizations. Studies reported that sarcopenic patients had up to twofold increased risk of severe toxicity. Additionally, sarcopenia correlated with reduced treatment tolerance and poorer survival outcomes. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a significant predictor of chemotherapy toxicity in elderly NSCLC patients. Incorporating body composition assessment into routine oncologic evaluation may enhance risk stratification and guide personalized treatment strategies.
Systematic Review of CAR-T Cell Therapy-Related Cytokine Release Syndrome Management Strategies
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) remains a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication. Effective management strategies are critical to optimizing patient outcomes while preserving therapeutic efficacy. Objective: To systematically review current evidence on the management strategies of CAR-T–associated CRS, focusing on pharmacological and supportive interventions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating CRS management strategies such as tocilizumab, corticosteroids, and emerging therapies were included. Data on efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes were extracted and synthesized. Results: Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist, is the cornerstone of CRS management and is FDA-approved for severe or life-threatening cases. Evidence suggests rapid symptom resolution in most patients following one or two doses. Corticosteroids are reserved for refractory or severe CRS but may affect CAR-T cell persistence. Emerging therapies such as anakinra and early combination strategies show promise in reducing severe CRS incidence. Supportive care remains essential across all CRS grades. Conclusion: Current evidence supports a stepwise, severity-based approach to CRS management, with tocilizumab as first-line therapy and corticosteroids for refractory cases. Further randomized trials are needed to optimize treatment timing, combinations, and long-term outcomes.
Early Versus Delayed Beta-Blocker Initiation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes and Safety
Background: The optimal timing of beta-blocker initiation in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains controversial due to concerns regarding hemodynamic instability despite established long-term benefits. Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of early versus delayed beta-blocker initiation in patients hospitalized with ADHF. Methods: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus (2000–2025). Studies comparing early (during hospitalization after stabilization) versus delayed or no initiation of beta-blockers in ADHF were included. Outcomes assessed included mortality, rehospitalization, and adverse events. A total of 13 studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 10 observational studies) were included. Results: Early beta-blocker initiation was consistently associated with reduced in-hospital and short-term mortality, along with lower rehospitalization rates. Patients initiated on therapy prior to discharge demonstrated improved adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy. Safety outcomes indicated that early initiation is well tolerated in hemodynamically stable patients, with only mild and manageable increases in hypotension and bradycardia. Delayed initiation or withdrawal was associated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality. Conclusion: Early initiation of beta-blockers following hemodynamic stabilization in ADHF is associated with improved clinical outcomes and acceptable safety. These findings support in-hospital optimization of therapy, although further randomized trials are needed to refine timing strategies and patient selection.
Tumor Microenvironment and Its Role in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer development, progression, and resistance to therapy. Objective: To examine the components of the TME and their influence on tumor growth and treatment resistance. Methods: Recent literature on cellular and molecular interactions within the TME, including immune cells, stromal components, and signaling pathways, was reviewed. Results: The TME contributes to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis. Interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells facilitate resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Targeting the TME, particularly immune checkpoints and stromal pathways, has shown potential in improving therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: Understanding the tumor microenvironment is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Future strategies should focus on TME-targeted interventions to enhance treatment efficacy.
Advancements in Multimodal Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Functional Recovery in Pakistan
Background: Cancer treatment has shifted toward precision medicine, focusing on targeted therapies that address specific molecular pathways. Objective: To review recent advancements in targeted cancer therapies and their impact on treatment outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical trials and meta-analyses evaluating targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, was conducted. Results: Targeted therapies have improved survival rates and reduced systemic toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, challenges such as drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and high treatment costs persist. Combination therapies and biomarker-guided treatment selection have shown promising results in overcoming resistance. Conclusion: Precision oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment, but further research is required to address resistance mechanisms and improve accessibility. Personalized treatment strategies remain key to optimizing outcomes.
Current Practices in Physical Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy
Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes that affects nearly half of people with diabetes and significantly impairs exercise capacity, functionality, and quality of life. Physical therapy has emerged as an important non-pharmacological intervention aimed at alleviating symptoms, improving function, and reducing disability associated with neuropathic complications. Objective: We review modern physical therapy methods used to treat diabetic neuropathy, evaluate their effectiveness, and highlight new treatments. Methodology: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, and recommendations from peer-reviewed journals. To summarize current best practices in physical therapy for diabetic neuropathy, we include literature focused on exercise therapy, manual therapy, neuromuscular rehabilitation, pain modulation techniques, patient education, orthotics, and innovative rehabilitation techniques. Results: Evidence supports the effectiveness of many physical therapy interventions to improve symptoms and functional outcomes in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Aerobic and resistance exercise improve circulation, reduces neuropathic pain, and improves strength and balance. Manual therapy provides short-term pain relief and improved mobility. Neuromuscular rehabilitation improves proprioception and gait stability, and techniques such as TENS can help reduce pain. Patient education and self-management strategies, as well as orthopedic support, further improve functional independence. New technologies such as virtual reality and neuromodulation-based rehabilitation techniques show promising potential for future clinical applications. Conclusion: Physical therapy plays an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A combination of exercise, manual therapy, neuromuscular rehabilitation, pain management techniques, and patient education can significantly improve function, mobility, and quality of life. Continued research and integration of innovative technologies are needed to enhance evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for this population.
Advancing Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Through Genomic Risk Prediction And Lifestyle Interventions
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health challenge, with prevalence rising sharply due to genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors. While lifestyle modification remains the foundation of prevention, recent advances in genomic medicine provide an opportunity to identify high-risk individuals earlier and tailor prevention strategies more effectively. This systematic review evaluates the role of genomic risk prediction combined with lifestyle interventions in advancing T2D prevention. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 2005 to May 2025. Studies were included if they evaluated the use of genomic risk prediction (e.g., polygenic risk scores, candidate gene profiling) in relation to lifestyle interventions for T2D prevention. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines. From 340 initially retrieved studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria after screening and eligibility assessment. Data were synthesized narratively, and findings were categorized into genomic risk prediction utility, impact on lifestyle intervention effectiveness, and clinical translation. Results: The included studies demonstrated that genomic risk prediction improves identification of high-risk individuals beyond traditional risk factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were shown to stratify populations more effectively, allowing earlier preventive action. When coupled with lifestyle interventions, particularly those targeting diet, physical activity, and weight management, genomic-informed strategies enhanced patient motivation and adherence. Several randomized controlled trials revealed that participants informed of elevated genetic risk were more likely to maintain long-term behavioral changes compared to those without genetic feedback. However, heterogeneity in PRS construction, limited diversity in genetic datasets, and short follow-up periods limited generalizability. Few studies examined cost-effectiveness or real-world implementation, and ethical concerns around genetic data use were frequently highlighted. Conclusion: Integrating genomic risk prediction with lifestyle interventions represents a promising precision prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes. While current evidence supports its potential to improve risk stratification and adherence, further longitudinal studies, standardized genomic tools, and equitable implementation frameworks are needed to translate this approach into clinical practice.
Strategic Impact of Digital Health Technologies on Healthcare Delivery: A Business Perspective
This study examines the strategic impact of digital health technologies on healthcare delivery, focusing on how innovations such as electronic health records, telemedicine, and mobile health platforms influence operational efficiency, financial performance, and patient satisfaction. Using a qualitative, multiple-case study approach, the research analyzes data from three diverse healthcare institutions: Cleveland Clinic (USA), Apollo Hospitals (India), and NHS Trust (UK). Results show that digital health adoption leads to significant improvements in workflow optimization, cost savings, revenue enhancement, and patient engagement. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and resistance to change persist. The findings highlight the importance of aligning digital health strategies with organizational goals, supported by strong leadership, effective change management, and continuous staff training. The study provides actionable insights for MBA professionals and healthcare managers seeking to leverage digital transformation for sustainable competitive advantage in the evolving healthcare landscape.
The Role of Investigative Journalism in Exposing Patient Safety Risks in Medical Tourism – A Review
Background: Medical tourism is a growing global industry offering patients cross-border access to healthcare, often at reduced costs. However, concerns over patient safety, regulatory oversight, and informed consent persist. Investigative journalism has emerged as a key mechanism for exposing these risks, especially in regions where formal regulation is limited or ineffective. Purpose: This review explores the role of investigative journalism in uncovering patient safety risks associated with medical tourism between 2004 and 2024, with a focus on systemic patterns, regional hotspots, and the impact of media coverage on healthcare regulation and patient awareness. Methods: A narrative review was conducted by analyzing 52 high-profile investigative journalism reports from reputable global media outlets. Thematic synthesis identified recurring patient safety issues, journalistic techniques, and the outcomes resulting from each report. Results: Findings revealed that the most common risks included unlicensed or underqualified medical providers, infection outbreaks (e.g., Mycobacterium abscessus, MRSA), and a lack of post-operative care. Deceptive marketing practices and jurisdictional challenges also featured prominently. Journalistic investigations led to significant outcomes including clinic shutdowns, policy reviews, and lawsuits in over 60% of cases. Conclusion: Investigative journalism serves as a vital watchdog in the international healthcare landscape, highlighting risks that may otherwise be obscured. Its integration with public health communication strategies could enhance patient safety, especially in cross-border contexts where regulation is fragmented.
Optimizing Project Management Methodologies for Public Hospital Infrastructure Development in Emerging Economies – A Systematic Review
Background: Hospital infrastructure development in emerging economies faces a unique set of challenges, including limited resources, political instability, and systemic inefficiencies. Effective project management (PM) methodologies are crucial for overcoming these barriers and ensuring the timely and successful delivery of healthcare facilities. Objective: This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of various project management approaches in hospital infrastructure projects across emerging economies, focusing on contextually adapted methodologies and the integration of digital tools. Methods: A comparative review of case studies from India, Kenya, Brazil, and the Philippines was conducted. These cases were evaluated based on methodology used, project outcomes, stakeholder engagement, and the presence of common barriers or enablers. Results: Hybrid PM methodologies proved to be the most effective overall, improving transparency, delivery timelines, and stakeholder satisfaction. Most research originated from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. While common barriers included political interference, financial constraints, and workforce shortages, key success factors were leadership, communication, and stakeholder involvement. A major gap was identified in the use of digital PM tools and the scarcity of quantitative comparative analyses. Conclusion: Tailoring PM methodologies to local contexts while strengthening institutional capacity is essential for improving hospital infrastructure outcomes in emerging economies. These findings offer a practical foundation for policymakers and project leaders aiming to implement context-specific, efficient, and scalable infrastructure solutions.
Effects Of Dead Bug vs. Mc Gill Exercises on Pain in Patient with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Background: Low back pain is a complex condition caused by a combination of anomalies in the musculoskeletal system or imbalances in the muscles. According to study, 84% of individuals have encountered it at least once in their lifetime, while over 50% have encountered it multiple times. McGill has developed workouts that focus on enhancing the global stability of the lumbar region. The dead bug exercise is widely recognized as an efficient exercise for enhancing the stability of the trunk and pelvis. Objective: To compare the effects of dead bug vs. Mc Gill exercises on pain in patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methodology: It was Randomized clinical trial and single blinded study. Data was collected from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. The sample size was 44(22 in each). To assess pain, Visual Analog Scale was used. Results: Among 22 participants in group A (DBG), 11(50 %) were male and 11(50%) were female. In Group B(Mc Gill), among 22 participants, there were 11 males (50%) and 11 females (50%). In Group A, among 22 participants, the mean±SD age was 40.09±6.140 with a mean±SD height of 1.7214±.08043, mean±SD weight of 72.82±14.056 and BMI of 24.4310±3.76047. In Group B, among 22 participants, the mean±SD age was 39.95 ±6.153 with a mean±SD height of 1.7068±.09449, mean±SD weight of 72.95± 15.317 and BMI of 25.1528 ±5.6792. Based on the results of the normality tests Shapiro-Wilk, the p-value for each VAS was less than 0.05, the data does not follow a normal distribution. Therefore, we used non parametric test for further analysis. At baseline, P Value was <0.05 which means that there was a significant difference between the mean value of baseline, 2nd week and 4th week treatment. There was no significant difference between the mean values of baseline of Group A and B VAS score as the P-Value was 0.790, while there was a significant difference between the mean values of 2nd week of Group A and B VAS score as the P Value was 0.707 and 4th week 0.645. Conclusion: Both the Dead Bug and McGill exercises had no substantial differences in Visual Analog Scale ratings or decline in pain at any given period, as both groups shown considerable improvement over time.
Navigating the AI-Integrated Future of Allied Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
In the not-so-distant past, not so long ago in our story of human civilization when the field of rehabilitation and allied health sciences operated within the confines of traditional methodologies. Patient assessments, diagnoses, and treatments followed conventional paths, with healthcare professionals relying heavily on hands-on techniques and their practical experience. This traditional mode, deeply rooted in human-centric practices, proved effective for decades until the unforeseen arrival of an unprecedented challenge. It is said that there is no engaging story without an unforeseen twist and the novel Coronavirus did just that in our story as it put the whole world to a complete halt and shook the entire traditional healthcare system to its very foundations, transforming the healthcare industry for eons to come. The eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an immediate response from the healthcare community when social distancing measures and lockdowns left patients stranded, unable to access essential healthcare services.
Evaluating the Effects of Soft Tissue Mobilization in Piriformis Syndrome
Background: When the Piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve, it results in the rare neuromuscular condition known as Piriformis syndrome. The buttocks region typically experience pain, tingling, or numbness during the beginning of Piriformis syndrome. The sciatic nerve's length might experience extreme pain, which is referred to as sciatica. The piriformis muscle is pinching the sciatic nerve, which is the cause of the pain. Objectives: To determine the effect of soft tissue mobilization in Piriformis syndrome. Study Design: The Quasi Experimental study Place and duration of study: Between 23rd September 2022 to 6th February, 2023, Al-Nafees, hospital in Islamabad. Material and Methodology: Study was conducted on people between ages 20-60 years satisfying inclusion criteria. 20 participants were included in the study. Non Probability convenient sampling was used for sample study. The duration of study was 4 months after the ethical approval of synopsis. Data collection tools were Numeric pain rating scale and Oswestry disability index. Results were found using software SPSS21.Consent form was filled by the participants prior to initiation of the study. Results: Results showed that the mean age of participants was 31.9 ± 10.6 years. And out of 20 patients, 8 (40%) were males and 12(60%) were females. Mean BMI of the participants was 22.5kg ±2.6. Out of 20 participants 17(85%) were normal weight and 3(15%) were overweight. Significant improvement were observed from baseline to 6th session in Numeric Pain Rating Scale, ROM and Oswestry disability index with (p=0.00) Conclusion: Significant improvement was seen in patients of Piriformis syndrome through soft tissue mobilization.
Association of Stress Induced Upper Trapezius Tightness and Burnout Syndrome in Physical Therapy Interns of Lahore
Introduction The field of physical therapy demands rigorous dedication from its practitioners. However, the demanding nature of this profession in clinical settings, can result in stress and burnout, which eventually causes stress-induced trapezius tightness. It is necessary to address both upper trapezius tightness and burnout syndrome with a multifaceted approach that includes both psychological and physical aspects. Objective To examine the association between stress-induced upper trapezius tightness and burnout syndrome and to assess the levels of stress and burnout syndrome experienced by physical therapy interns in Lahore. Methodology Cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 physiotherapy interns in Lahore to investigate the association between stress-induced upper trapezius tightness and burnout. Initially, their demographics were recorded, and neck pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. Trapezius tightness was evaluated through the trapezius stress test, which measures shoulder strength and symmetry. Burnout syndrome questionnaire was administered, with high scores in emotional exhaustion and low scores in personal accomplishments. Results Using SPSS, it was found that 44.3% of the participants were affected by burnout syndrome, highlighting that the interns in Lahore were experiencing significant stress due to excessive workload. Conclusion Stress-induced trapezius tightness has a significant association with burnout. Strenuous and vigorous activity in the workplace is a primary reason why physiotherapy interns face burnout. 44% of the interns were found to be experiencing burnout. It is important to address both professional and personal issues to ensure that neither lifestyle nor workplace environment causes stress-induced trapezius tightness and burnout syndrome in interns.
Role of Bacteriophages and Plasmids in Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer - Review Article
Introduction: The constant increase in the antibiotic resistance poses substantial threat to the human health, increase ion health care costs and serious complications in treating bacterial infections. Purposes of the review is to investigate the mechanisms through which bacteriophages and plasmid help in acquiring antibiotic resistance in bacteria the transfer of resistance. And to assess the effects of these processes for the possible control of resistance in bacteria. Literature Review and Result Comparison: The Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacterial populations are transmitted through two main sources that are Bacteriophages and plasmids. Through transduction, Bacteriophages facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) at much higher frequencies that result in evolutionary resistant strains, while to spread antibiotic resistance across and within bacterial species the plasmids play a key role. Tandem Duplication along with maintenance of plasmid copy number results in hetero resistance which results in multidrug resistance. Conclusion Understanding the ways to cope with transfer of plasmid and mechanisms of bacteriophage inactivation can reduce risk of multi drug resistant strains transfer. Further studies and experiments are required to properly understand spread of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and ARGs which would ultimately help in development of strategies to counter resistance against antibiotics.
Effectiveness Of Telerehabilitation in Non-Operative Cancer Patient
Background: People with non-operative cancer patient can be treated by tele rehabilitation. Tele rehabilitation can be done remotely, which means that patients don't have to travel to a clinic or hospital for their rehabilitation sessions. This can be especially helpful for patients who live in rural or remote areas, or who have mobility issues Additionally, tele rehabilitation can be more flexible than traditional in-person rehabilitation, as patients can often schedule sessions at times that are convenient for them Objective: The objective of tele rehabilitation for non-operative cancer patients is to help them regain their strength, mobility, and quality of life after cancer treatments. It can also help to reduce pain and other symptoms associated with cancer and its treatments. By providing rehabilitation services remotely, tele rehabilitation can make it easier for patients to receive the care they need, which can improve their overall health outcomes. Methodology: 10 patients were entered in the trial and were given treatment through the zoom video calling. A feasible case study with a matched historical comparison group was performed. Feasibility outcomes included willingness and adherence to participate, refusal rate, treatment duration, occurrence of adverse events, and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcome measures were measurements of musculoskeletal and cardiovascular functions and activities according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, disability and health. Results: In present study, specific approach, named as tele rehabilitation was used for treatment of cancer and we assessed tele rehabilitation for patients with cancer .Our study can be used for patients with different types of cancer that can improve functional capacity ,cognitive functioning ,quality of life reduce of pain and hospital length of stay improvement of fatigue ,physical well being ,emotional well being .Through tele rehabilitation we improve quality of life and decrease mortality rate. Conclusion: In present study, specific approach, named as tele rehabilitation was used for the treatment of cancer and we assessed the Tele rehabilitation, for patients with cancer. This study can be used for patients with different types of cancer that can improve functional capacity, cognitive functioning, quality of life reduce of pain and hospital length of stay improvement of fatigue, physical well-being, emotional well-being.
Cognitive Rehabilitation and Assistive Robotics for Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Background Neurological disorders, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injuries, often lead to significant motor and cognitive impairments. Traditional rehabilitation methods, while beneficial, rarely address both cognitive and motor deficits comprehensively. Assistive robotics and cognitive rehabilitation offer transformative potential by integrating advanced technologies into therapeutic approaches. Objective To provide a comprehensive review of advancements, challenges, and future directions in cognitive rehabilitation and assistive robotics for neurological disorders, emphasizing their integration for holistic patient recovery. Methods This review synthesizes findings from recent studies, systematic reviews, and clinical trials related to cognitive rehabilitation and assistive robotics. Key areas explored include the development of robotic devices, virtual reality applications, machine learning-based therapy customization, and the integration of cognitive and motor rehabilitation techniques. Results Assistive Robotics: Devices such as Lokomat, Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL), ReWalk, and EksoGT have demonstrated significant improvements in gait training, motor recovery, and patient independence. Cognitive Rehabilitation: Virtual reality and machine learning have transformed cognitive training, allowing personalized and immersive therapeutic experiences. Integrated Approaches: Combining robotics with cognitive rehabilitation results in enhanced outcomes, including improved neuroplasticity, motor function, and cognitive abilities. Challenges: High costs, limited accessibility, and the need for personalized approaches hinder widespread adoption. Conclusion The integration of assistive robotics and cognitive rehabilitation offers a paradigm shift in managing neurological disorders, providing tailored, intensive interventions that improve recovery outcomes and patient autonomy. However, challenges such as cost and accessibility must be addressed. Future research should focus on scalable, affordable solutions and optimizing long-term therapeutic effects.