Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern

Correcting the record

Authors must promptly notify info@johe.pk if they discover a significant error in published work. Readers may also report concerns with supporting evidence. A correction is appropriate when a specific error can be remedied without invalidating the article's central findings. Substantive changes must be identified in a dated notice linked to the article; they must not be made silently.

Retraction

Retraction may be appropriate when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, when substantial plagiarism or undisclosed redundant publication has occurred, or when serious ethical breaches undermine the work. Authorship disputes alone do not normally warrant retraction if there is no reason to doubt the findings.

Authors are given an opportunity to respond. A retraction notice identifies the article, explains the reasons, and states who is retracting it. The article normally remains accessible, clearly marked as retracted and linked to the notice, to preserve the record.

Other notices and exceptional removal

An expression of concern may be issued when serious concerns remain unresolved or an investigation is ongoing. Removal of content is exceptional, for example where required by law or necessary to address serious privacy or safety risks; an explanatory notice should remain wherever possible. Editorial appeals remain available, and this policy does not restrict rights provided by applicable law.