Data Availability and Reproducibility

Research articles must include a data availability statement explaining where supporting data, code and materials can be accessed, or why access is restricted. Where a repository is used, provide its name, persistent identifier or stable link, and any access conditions.

Share de-identified data and analysis code where ethically and legally permissible. Do not disclose participant identities, confidential records or data outside the scope of consent. Where restrictions apply, describe them and identify a legitimate access process where one exists. A statement that data are available on request must identify a contact, the request conditions and any approvals required; it must not promise access that the authors cannot lawfully provide.

Describe methods, measures, analytical decisions, software and relevant versions sufficiently to support appraisal and replication. Retain original research records according to institutional, funder and legal requirements. Editors may request supporting records confidentially to assess a manuscript or investigate concerns. Inability to provide essential evidence may affect the editorial decision.