Research Misconduct and Integrity Concerns

JOHE considers allegations involving fabricated or falsified data, inappropriate image manipulation, plagiarism, manipulated peer review, undisclosed duplicate publication, unethical research and other material threats to the reliability of the scholarly record.

Investigation process

Send a factual report and supporting evidence to info@johe.pk. An editor without a relevant conflict assesses whether further inquiry is warranted. The journal may request original data, analysis files, source images, ethics documentation or author explanations. Sensitive research data should be shared through an agreed secure route, not placed in public correspondence.

Processing may be paused while concerns are examined. When an institutional investigation is required, the journal may contact the responsible institution or other appropriate body. A lack of author response does not prevent action where the available evidence justifies it. Confidentiality is maintained as far as compatible with fair investigation and protection of the research record.

Outcomes

Possible outcomes include no action, clarification, revision, rejection, correction, an expression of concern or retraction. Decisions should distinguish honest error from misconduct where evidence permits. The journal does not impose conclusions unsupported by the evidence. Appeals are considered under the appeals and complaints policy.